abstract：:Epidemiological studies have implicated a role for airborne particulates of <2.5 microm diameter in the development/exacerbation of chronic cardiopulmonary disease; however, specific pathogenic mechanisms and the etiological significance of particle physicochemical properties remain unresolved. Using a microporous alu...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Kristovich R,Knight DA,Long JF,Williams MV,Dutta PK,Waldman WJ

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sugars and sugar degradation products react in vivo readily with proteins (glycation) resulting in the formation of a heterogeneous group of reaction products, which are called advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs notably change the structure and function of proteins so that extended protein-AGE formation is l...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Schneider M,Thoss G,Hübner-Parajsz C,Kientsch-Engel R,Stahl P,Pischetsrieder M

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prolonged ingestion of Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) and Russian Knapweed (Centaurea repens) by horses has been shown to result in a fatal neurodegenerative disorder called equine nigropallidal encephalomalacia (ENE). Bioassay-guided fractionation of extracts from Centaurea species using the PC12 cell li...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Tukov FF,Anand S,Gadepalli RS,Gunatilaka AA,Matthews JC,Rimoldi JM

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Estrogens and their oxidative metabolites, the catechol estrogens, have been implicated in the development of breast cancer; yet, relatively little is known about estrogen metabolism in the breast. To determine how the parent hormone, 17 beta-estradiol (E(2)), is metabolized, we used recombinant, purified phase I enzy...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Dawling S,Hachey DL,Roodi N,Parl FF

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is vital that methylated trivalent arsenicals [MA(III) and DMA(III)] are described and characterized unequivocally due to their high toxicity. Two different ways of generating the methylated trivalent arsenicals have been practiced-reduction of the methylated pentavalent arsenical either by the sodium-metabisulfite...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Hansen HR,Raab A,Jaspars M,Milne BF,Feldmann J

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Finger 3 of transcription factor IIIA of Xenopus laevis was synthesized and constituted with Zn(2+) or Cd(2+). The C-block element of the internal control region of the promoter of the 5S rRNA gene binds to the Zn-F3 and Cd-F3 with dissociation constants of 2.6 x 10(-5) and 1.5 x 10(-4) M, respectively. According to N...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Krepkiy D,Försterling FH,Petering DH

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The reaction of the antitumor agent leinamycin with thiols converts this natural product into an episulfonium ion that alkylates the N7-position of guanine residues in double-stranded DNA. It is reported here that depurination of this adduct is unusually facile, occurring with a half-life of about 3.5 h at pH 7 and 37...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Nooner T,Dutta S,Gates KS

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Flavonols are potent naturally occurring antioxidants. Chemical oxidation reactions in combination with modern spectroscopic techniques have been employed to identify oxidized flavonoid products. Although many oxidized derivatives have been generated from commercially available starting materials, few studies have dev...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Krishnamachari V,Levine LH,Zhou C,Paré PW

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thioureas are oxygenated by flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs), forming reactive sulfenic and/or sulfinic acids. Sulfenic acids can reversibly react with GSH and drive oxidative stress through a redox cycle. For this reason, thiourea S-oxygenation is an example of FMO-dependent bioactivation of a xenobiotic. Func...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Henderson MC,Krueger SK,Stevens JF,Williams DE

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The carcinogen 7r,8t-dihydroxy-9t,10t-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (anti-BPDE) alkylates DNA at dGuo, dAdo, and dCyd. dCyd adducts, formed in small amounts, elute near the more abundant dGuo adducts. We isolated the dCyd adducts formed with dCMP. Each BPDE enantiomer forms three major adducts with dCMP, two...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Wolfe AR,Smith TJ,Meehan T

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Marine toxins such as brevetoxins and ciguatoxins are produced by dinoflagellates and can accumulate in seafood. These toxins affect humans through seafood consumption. Intoxication is mainly characterized by gastrointestinal and neurological disorders and, in most severe cases, by cardiovascular problems. To prevent ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Louzao MC,Vieytes MR,Yasumoto T,Botana LM

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Skin protein modification (haptenation) is thought to be a key step in the manifestation of sensitization to low molecular mass chemicals (<500 g/mol). For sensitizing chemicals that are not protein reactive, it is hypothesised that metabolic activation can convert such chemicals into protein reactive toxins within th...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Elahi EN,Wright Z,Hinselwood D,Hotchkiss SA,Basketter DA,Pease CK

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complex formation between nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and Zn(II), Cd(II), and Ni(II) ions was studied by potentiometry and spectroscopic techniques. GSNO forms simple ML and ML2 type complexes (L = GSNO) with these ions. The stability of GSNO in HEPES buffer solution, pH 7.4, increased in the presence of both Zn(II) and...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Krezel A,Bal W

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Zileuton, an inhibitor of 5-lipooxygenase, the initial enzyme in the leukotriene pathway, was marketed as a new treatment for asthma. This drug has been associated with liver toxicity, which has limited its clinical usefulness. We provide evidence here that the liver toxicity likely involves a sequence of biotransform...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Joshi EM,Heasley BH,Chordia MD,Macdonald TL

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hydrazyl radical intermediates have been suggested as important intermediates in the biochemistry of hydrazides and hydrazines. Although spin-trapping studies have intercepted those species previously, there has been no report of the direct observation of the unstable hydrazyl radicals of isoniazid and iproniazid. We ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Sipe HJ Jr,Jaszewski AR,Mason RP

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because of the association between inhalation of airborne particulate matter (PM) and human respiratory and cardiovascular disease, it is necessary to understand the tissue damage induced by these particles. One of the cell types principally involved in the body's reaction to PM are macrophages, which remove particles...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Santini MT,Rainaldi G,Ferrante A,Romano R,Clemente S,Motta A,De Berardis B,Balduzzi M,Paoletti L,Indovina PL

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Deoxyribose oxidation in DNA represents a biologically important facet of oxidative DNA damage that gives rise to protein-DNA cross-links and base adducts. Toward the goal of quantifying deoxyribose oxidation chemistry in cells, we report a method for the quantification of 3'-phosphoglycolaldehyde (PGA) residues, whic...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Collins C,Awada MM,Zhou X,Dedon PC

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present study, values of the binding energy (BE) were calculated for the rat androgen receptor on a data set of 25 steroidal and nonsteroidal compounds for which published values of the observed binding affinity (K(i)) are available. A correlation between BE and pK(i) was evident (r(2) = 0.50) for the entire da...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Ai N,DeLisle RK,Yu SJ,Welsh WJ

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bezafibrate is a hypolipidemic drug that belongs to the group of peroxisome proliferators because it binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors type alpha (PPARs). Peroxisome proliferators produce a myriad of extraperoxisomal effects, which are not necessarily dependent on their interaction with PPARs. An in...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Scatena R,Bottoni P,Vincenzoni F,Messana I,Martorana GE,Nocca G,De Sole P,Maggiano N,Castagnola M,Giardina B

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The toxic alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde acrolein readily attacks proteins, generating adducts at cysteine, histidine, and lysine residues. In this study, rabbit antiserum was raised against acrolein-modified keyhole limpet hemocyanin in the expectation that it would allow immunodetection of adducted proteins in biol...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Burcham PC,Fontaine FR,Petersen DR,Pyke SM

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3-butadiene, 1) is an important industrial chemical, which is carcinogenic in experimental animals and possibly in humans. It is metabolized to the monoepoxides, 2-chloro-2-ethenyloxirane (2a,b) and (1-chloroethenyl)oxirane (3a,b), together with electrophilic chlorinated aldehydes and ketones. ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Munter T,Cottrell L,Golding BT,Watson WP

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our long-term oral administration of dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV) in rats revealed that three unidentified metabolites, M-1, M-2, and M-3, were detected in urine and feces. DMAV and trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO) were converted to M-2 and M-3 and M-1 by Escherichia coli strain A3-6 isolated from the ceca of DMAV-administ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Yoshida K,Kuroda K,Zhou X,Inoue Y,Date Y,Wanibuchi H,Fukushima S,Endo G

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acrolein is a bifunctional electrophile, present as an ubiquitous environmental pollutant and an endogenous cellular product of lipid peroxidation. Reaction of acrolein with deoxyguanosine produces two regioisomeric DNA adducts, specifically gamma-hydroxypropanodeoxyguanosine (gamma-HOPdG) and alpha-hydroxypropanodeox...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Sanchez AM,Minko IG,Kurtz AJ,Kanuri M,Moriya M,Lloyd RS

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arsenic is a human carcinogen, causing skin, bladder, and lung cancers. Although arsenic in drinking water affects millions of people worldwide, the mechanism(s) of action by which arsenic causes cancers is not known. Arsenic probably exerts some toxic effects by binding with proteins. However, few experimental data a...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Jiang G,Gong Z,Li XF,Cullen WR,Le XC

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The gender differences in the in vitro microsomal metabolic activation of hepatotoxic clivorine, a representative naturally occurring hepatotoxic otonecine type pyrrolizidine alkaloid, in Sprague-Dawley rats and their relation to the gender differences in susceptibility to clivorine intoxication were reported in the p...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Lin G,Cui YY,Liu XQ

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatotoxicity of allyl alcohol involves its bioactivation to acrolein and subsequent protein sulfhydryl loss and lipid peroxidation. However, the links between these events and hepatocellular death are not known. The purpose of these studies was to examine whether specific signal transduction pathways are associated ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Maddox JF,Roth RA,Ganey PE

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) is believed to contribute to the increased uptake of LDL by macrophages, which is an early event in atherosclerosis. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) has been implicated as one of the major oxidants involved in these processes. In a previous study, the rates of reaction of HOCl with...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Pattison DI,Hawkins CL,Davies MJ

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent reports by Galeazzi and co-workers demonstrated the susceptibility of Abeta(1-42) to undergo dityrosine formation via peroxidase-catalyzed tyrosine cross-linking. We have formed dityrosine cross-links in Abeta(1-40) using these enzymatic conditions as well as a copper-H(2)O(2) method. The efficiency of dityrosi...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Yoburn JC,Tian W,Brower JO,Nowick JS,Glabe CG,Van Vranken DL

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Estrogens, including the natural hormones estrone (E(1)) and estradiol (E(2)), are thought to be involved in tumor induction. Specifically, catechol estrogen quinones (CEQs) derived from the catechol estrogens 4-hydroxyestrone (4-OHE(1)) and 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE(2)) react with DNA and form DNA adducts (Cavalieri,...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Jankowiak R,Markushin Y,Cavalieri EL,Small GJ

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Among the cellular components that can react directly with peroxynitrite in the presence of physiological CO(2) concentrations are sulfur-, selenium-, and metal-containing proteins, in particular hemoproteins. We have previously shown that the reactions of peroxynitrite with oxymyoglobin (MbFeO(2)) and oxyhemoglobin p...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Herold S,Exner M,Boccini F

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Copper is an important biological metal that tightly binds to DNA. Its reaction with endogenously generated hydrogen peroxide may thus lead to the formation of DNA damage. To gain insights into the underlying mechanisms, a comparative study of the damage produced within isolated DNA upon exposure to gamma-radiation in...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Frelon S,Douki T,Favier A,Cadet J

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the effect of a series of Maillard reaction products formed from carbohydrates under household heating conditions on the growth of human tumor cells in vitro. 4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(2H)-furanone (1) was found to potently enhance the proliferation of human tumor cells. In contrast, the Maillard-type chro...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Marko D,Habermeyer M,Kemény M,Weyand U,Niederberger E,Frank O,Hofmann T

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new and efficient method is described for the synthesis in gram quantities of the benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) metabolic adducts of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) and 2'-deoxyadenosine (dA) substituted, respectively, at the N(2)- and N(6)- positions. When the racemic form of the tris(benzoyloxy)amine 5 (related to the notoriously...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Johnson F,Bonala R,Tawde D,Torres MC,Iden CR

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of the carcinogenic mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) to react with reduced glutathione (GSH) has been assessed using electrospray ionization (ES)-MS techniques. On the basis of the assumption that OTA undergoes biotransformation into the reactive quinone species OTQ (6), a synthetic sample of the reduced form ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Dai J,Park G,Wright MW,Adams M,Akman SA,Manderville RA

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitomycin C (MC), a cytotoxic anticancer drug and bifunctional DNA DNA alkylating agent, induces cross-linking of the complementary strands of DNA. The DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) are thought to be the critical cytotoxic lesions produced by MC. Decarbamoyl mitomycin C (DMC) has been regarded as a monofunctional...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Palom Y,Suresh Kumar G,Tang LQ,Paz MM,Musser SM,Rockwell S,Tomasz M

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A series of studies was conducted to investigate the potential of (R)- and (S)-2-phenylpropionic acid (2-PPA) to undergo enantioselective covalent binding to protein in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes and to determine whether such covalent binding is dependent on acyl glucuronidation or acyl-CoA formation of 2-PPA. H...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Li C,Benet LZ,Grillo MP

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A transient energy impairment with resultant release and subsequent reuptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and NMDA receptor activation with consequent cytoplasmic superoxide (O(2)(-)(*)), nitric oxide (NO(*)), and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) generation have all been implicated in a neurotoxic cascade which ultimately lea...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Jiang XR,Dryhurst G

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemically reactive species formed from the metabolism of carboxylic acid-containing compounds have been proposed as mediators of their toxic side-effects. Two alternative metabolic pathways known to be involved in the generation of reactive acylating metabolites of carboxylic acids are acyl glucuronidation and acyl-C...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Li C,Benet LZ,Grillo MP

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quartz (crystalline silica) is not consistently carcinogenic across different industries where similar quartz exposure occurs. In addition, there are reports that surface modification of quartz affects its cytotoxicity, inflammogenicity, and fibrogenicity. Taken together, these data suggest that the carcinogenicity of...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Schins RP,Duffin R,Höhr D,Knaapen AM,Shi T,Weishaupt C,Stone V,Donaldson K,Borm PJ

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both cooked red meat intake and chronic inflammation/infection are thought to play a role in the etiology of colon cancer. The heterocyclic amine 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f ]quinoline (IQ) is formed during cooking of red meat and may be involved in initiation of colon cancer. Reactive nitrogen oxygen species (RNOS)...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Lakshmi VM,Hsu FF,Zenser TV

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00